What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in or on the uterus. They are also called leiomyomas or myomas. Many women develop fibroids during their reproductive years. However, not all women have symptoms. According to the CDC, fibroids are very common, especially in women aged 30 to 50. Although fibroids are usually harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or other health problems.

Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids

Some women with uterine fibroids do not notice any symptoms. But for others, fibroids can cause problems. For example, you may notice:

Heavy or long periods

Pain or pressure in the lower belly

Frequent urination

Feeling full quickly or bloating

Back or leg pain

Pain during sex

Constipation

Because these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, it is important to talk to a doctor if you notice any changes.

Causes and Risk Factors

Doctors do not know the exact causes of uterine fibroids. However, several factors can increase your risk. For instance, hormones like estrogen and progesterone seem to help fibroids grow. In addition, genetics may play a role. If your mother or sister had fibroids, you may be more likely to get them too. Other risk factors include:

Being between ages 30 and 50

Being overweight

Starting your period at a young age

Eating a diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables

Having high blood pressure

Although these factors can raise your risk, anyone with a uterus can develop fibroids.

How Uterine Fibroids Are Diagnosed

Doctors use several methods to diagnose uterine fibroids. First, your doctor may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, a pelvic exam can help check the size and shape of your uterus. Often, imaging tests are needed. For example, an ultrasound uses sound waves to create pictures of your uterus. Sometimes, doctors use MRI scans for a clearer view. In some cases, other tests like hysteroscopy or saline infusion sonogram may be used. These tests help your doctor see inside the uterus and plan the best treatment.

Treatment Options for Uterine Fibroids

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Some women do not need treatment if their fibroids are small and not causing problems. However, if you have symptoms, your doctor may suggest:

Medical Treatments

Medicines to control heavy bleeding or pain

Hormone therapy to shrink fibroids

Non-hormonal medicines for pain relief

Minimally Invasive Procedures

Uterine artery embolization (blocks blood flow to fibroids)

Radiofrequency ablation (uses heat to destroy fibroids)

Endometrial ablation (removes the lining of the uterus)

Surgical Treatments

Myomectomy (removes fibroids but keeps the uterus)

Hysterectomy (removes the uterus; only for severe cases)

Your doctor will help you choose the best option based on your needs.

Lifestyle Tips and Self-Care for Managing Fibroids

While you cannot always prevent fibroids, healthy habits may help manage symptoms. For example, you can:

Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Limit red meat and processed foods

Exercise regularly to maintain a healthy weight

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Track your periods and symptoms

Because every woman is different, these tips may not work for everyone. Still, they can support your overall health.

Prevention and When to Seek Medical Help

Although you cannot always prevent uterine fibroids, regular check-ups can help catch problems early. If you notice heavy bleeding, severe pain, or changes in your periods, see a doctor. Also, seek help if you have trouble getting pregnant or feel a lump in your belly. Early diagnosis can lead to better treatment outcomes. According to the WHO, timely care is important for women’s health.

Conclusion

Uterine fibroids are common and often harmless. However, they can cause symptoms that affect your daily life. Because treatment options vary, it is important to talk to a gynecologist. Consult Dr Surbhi Saini, a gynaecologist, for personalized advice on uterine fibroids.